DR LALITHA SHEKHAR , DIRECTOR, INTERNAL MEDICINE, MEDANTA – THE MEDICITY, GURGAON
Despite decades of global efforts and initiatives, childhood diarrhoea remains a leading cause of death among children under the age of five in India, and around 18% of the deaths of children aged 5-18 years in the country are directly as a result of diarrhoea. These deaths are especially prevalent in North Eastern states, with a rate that is significantly higher than the national average.
These deaths are almost entirely preventable. In this ongoing public health struggle, the oral rehydration solution (ORS) stands out as a simple, inexpensive, yet effective lifesaver. It is an intervention that, despite its success, remains underrated and underused.
What is ORS and How Does It Work?
ORS is a mixture of water, glucose, and electrolytes (mainly sodium and potassium). When children suffer from diarrhoea, their bodies lose fluids and salts, leading to dehydration, the main cause of death in diarrhoeal diseases. ORS works through a mechanism: the co-transport of glucose and sodium across the small intestine, drawing water and electrolytes back into the body and reversing dehydration. Researchers have called this principle potentially the most important medical advance of the 20th century.
Why Is ORS Still Underrated and Underused?
Despite its strengths, less than one-third of children with diarrhoea worldwide receive ORS as recommended. Several factors contribute to this gap:
- Lack of awareness among caregivers and health workers about ORS and its correct use.
- A misconception that ORS does not “stop” diarrhoea; its role is to prevent death by dehydration, not to halt symptoms.
- Weaknesses in supply chains and community health infrastructure, especially in remote or low-resource settings.
- Caregivers often focus more on easing symptoms than on preventing dehydration, even though replacing lost fluids is critical.
The Simple Solution
ORS can be mixed and consumed at home, even by non-medical caregivers. Its cost is minimal, making it accessible for families and nations. The WHO and UNICEF include ORS in their essential medicines lists and recommend its use alongside zinc supplementation for every childhood diarrhoea case.
The Challenge Ahead
Expanding ORS use in countries with high diarrhoea rates can save children’s lives. To make this happen, public health policies, community education, and steady ORS supply are essential. ORS represents one of the simplest and most effective weapons against childhood diarrhoea deaths—one that is within reach for nearly every community, yet often overlooked. Focusing on greater awareness, availability, and use of this solution could be a tool in the global fight against preventable child deaths.
For ease of access Medanta has launched a dedicated Northeast Helpline Number: 0124-6930090.
